Revolutionary War

Authors Note: When I write I like to find the real meaning of the event, I like to take a deeper look into the situation and find the real reason we study it. To me this gives a purpose to writing about history, not just a bunch of dates and battle names all thrown in a paper. That is really what I worked on when I wrote my Revolutionary War Paper. 

The original thirteen colonies were always considered a part of England but as the colonies grew to be successful, strong, and more independent, they started to lean less on England and focused more on the thriving region of America. Major events provoked the development of freedom of the press, and lead America to having the courage to declare war against the strong nation of England.

Boston started to see themselves as a separate entity so when England raised taxes they didn’t think twice before not obeying the laws. On April 5, 1764, England Parliament passed the Sugar and Molasses Act. This act would soon affect the colonies economy causing the rum industry to have a total decline that would reduce trade with many countries. One year later, March 22, 1765 yet another act was about to be put into action in the colonies. This act was called the stamp act; it required the colonies to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used.

Some tax increases were discussed and agreed upon by the colonies representatives, but not for this act. If this taxation was allowed to pass without discussion among the representatives, the colonists knew that England would tax them even more. 

March 5, 1770 patriot protestors were protesting the occupation of the British soldiers that were sent to Boston to enforce taxation. British soldiers took stand and held loaded guns. Colonists reacted by throwing rocks and sticks, that hit Private Hugh Montgomery which caused Montgomery to shoot. Seconds later British soldiers shot their guns and when it ended 5 colonists had died. The Boston Massacre rallied the colonist.

Colonies started to prepare for any surprise attacks by the British. Farmers, blacksmiths, and citizens of all sorts from the colonies took precaution gathering guns and weapons to form a militia. British Solders occupied New York and were ordered to seize all guns from the forming militia. April 7, 1775, news spread during the night that the British were coming to Lexington to complete their task of seizing all guns from the militia. Paul Revere, a blacksmith and entrepreneur, heard the rumor of the traveling British. Paul Revere then rode his horse in the middle of the night to Lexington. Once he reached the town he warned the militia that the British were coming. When the British arrived to Lexington all colonists had vanished taking all weapons and gun powder with them.

In May 1773 England was upset at the colonies for not paying taxes, so they taxed tea. Tea was a staple for the colonies so England knew that they could do nothing but pay the taxes that were put in place, but England thought wrong. The colonists were so enraged with the tax prices on tea that they wanted to do more to disobey the law. On December 16^th, 1773 200 colonists disguised as Indians intruded on boats that were docked in Boston’s Harbor. Those boats carried a million dollars worth of tea. The colonists broke and threw overboard all of the tea that was found on the three ships. The next morning the damage was very noticeable and the news of the Boston Teas Party spread fast around the colonies. After England found out about the disaster that occurred in Boston they demanded that the harbor must be shut down in which caused many workers to be out of work.

Many times as Americans when we study U.S. history we suppose that the events that took place in the time period just happened because they did. We fail to realize that this is not the case. The Boston Tea Party for example was a deliberate scheme that was very well thought out. Colonists in Boston didn’t damage millions of dollars worth of tea just because they were mad at England. Hidden inside the terrible crime of the colonists is a strategy we fall short of noticing. The idea of war against England was debatable amongst all the colonies. The real reason of the Boston Tea Party was to bring awareness of England’s tax increases. The southern colonies didn’t want war. They were fine owning their land and slaves. By having a huge event that occurred news spread around the colonies. People started to second guess themselves about staying united with England.  The Boston Tea Party joined thirteen colonies into one nation.

Joining these very different and unique colonies was a challenge but with the method of writing and freedom of the press, news of the happenings in Boston could be shared. The need of Freedom of the press was very significant in the colonies. Unlike England, the colonists could publish their own opinions in a newspaper and deliver it to all of the colonies, in which they did. Famous writer and publisher Thomas Pain, was very involved in putting the spirit into the written word. In 1776 Paine published “Common Sense” a piece that openly asked for independence from Great Britain.

Reading was a major part of Colonial life ever since the Puritans landed at Plymouth Rock. Colonists read articles in the newspaper like “Common Sense” all the time, so opinions of people were always being shared. In the colonial period freedom of the press was crucial to igniting the Revolutionary War. Without communication through newspaper and writing, the original thirteen colonies would have never joined into one nation and made a decision to break off from England.

When you dissect the Revolutionary War and look past the battles you’ll notice the events that occurred before the Revolutionary War were far more significant than we think. These were well calculated, intellectual plans that took place, and without them the history of America would not be the same. If America never declared war we would still be a part of the strong nation we know as England.

The Original Thirteen Colonies

Authors Note: When I first started to write this paper I was going to have a paragraph for each colony (Pretty Boring right). When I meet with Mr. Johnson and we talked I knew that my idea wasn't working out. I wanted you as a reader to get something more out of my paper than just facts and a boring write up about the colonies. That's when I really felt my writing mature, I went from writing paragraphs for each random topic in to learning and understanding history and how it affected and still effects our world today. I hope you realize the big impact the original thirteen colonies had on America. 

When you look at the American flag you notice the thirteen stripes that bear a resemblance to the original thirteen colonies. As Americans a lot of times we forget where our country began. Born into England, we strived for freedom ever since the original thirteen colonies were established. The original thirteen colonies were the foundation and the launch to America, making them a very important part of understanding our countries history.

The Northern most group of Colonies was a region called the New England Colony. This group of people came to America for freedom of religion. The first colony that came about in the northern region was Massachusetts. During colonial times the state we know as Maine was part of Massachusetts. In 1630 Massachusetts became a colony. The main city of Massachusetts was a very popular and well constructed area. The city was named Boston with its great natural harbor it provided a powerful trading route all the way back to the colonial period. New England colonies were being established including Rhode Island, Connecticut, and the latest colony New Hampshire. New Hampshire became a colony in 1638 only 8 years after Massachusetts. New Hampshire was well rounded; they were the first to have a constitution within a colony. The New England Colonies had their own idea of what the new country should look like. Their idea was all based on their religion. Most of the people living in the New England Colonies were puritans. Puritans believed that each individual is directly responsible to God. Before people came to America, Puritans broke off from the Church of England. When Puritans came to America they came to make their religion their own in a new country.

Between the New England and Southern Colonies there is yet another region named the Middle Colonies. The groups of people that traveled and settled to this area were ones that wanted a new government. A country reigned by freedom, not a king, this was the dream they wanted to make reality. Educated citizens where the ones they believed should be make the laws, not people who were rich and included in the aristocracy. Giving everyone a chance to have an accurate education was what the people that settle in the Middle colonies sought after. This region was later filled with leaders, we would we know as Washington and Jefferson. Both of these Presidents influenced the American culture making it what it is today. Presidents that grew up in the Middle Colonies stood for their ideal government and they fought for what they wanted in the new country. There’s no mistake that Virginia was a home to many great Presidents of the United States.

                                                                                                                       

With an abundances of land located throughout the Southern Colonies, the people who settled there took advantage of the resources that were provided. People who settled in the Southern Colonies wanted to create an aristocracy for themselves. In England the aristocracy was only for men and women associated to royalty, so when people came to areas we would know as Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, they wanted to create a new aristocracy based on the wealth of resources and slavery. Men and women of the Southern Colonies began to grow crops like cotton, tobacco, and rice using the labor of human slaves. Slavery was necessary to create the aristocracy in the Southern Colonies, because to have a wealthy community you have to have a lower class and this was how the Southern Colonies were run.

America’s identity and foundation is built around the original thirteen colonies. Who we are as citizens today closely resembles how people in the original thirteen colonies acted. America’s roots begin with 13 colonies. Our attitude and culture of America is based off the birth of our country. Everything that happened in history somehow connects to the thirteen different regions of colonies. The colonies lead us to where we are today, making us who are, and are helping us to better understand where our country came from.

Science Research Paper

Science tries to give us an understanding of the world around us. Different laws and principles, can help see how the world works. Everything in science is balanced. The gas laws demonstrate nature’s natural balance.

The spacing of molecules is an example of how everything in science is balanced. Notice the vapor rising from boiling water. This doesn’t just happen. It is all a part of nature’s natural balance. When water is boiled, eventually it will start to create a rising vapor. When this occurs it means, that the spacing of the molecules is changing. Charles’s Law states that when temperature is increased volume is also increased, meaning that the molecules are spreading apart creating a gas, causing steam to rise from the boiling water.

Boyle's Law was first discovered by an Irish chemists with the name of Robert Boyle. Boyle's Law states that as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume  decreases. One of the ways that Boyle's Law relates to the spacing of molecules is how molecules interact with pressure. When the pressure of an object increases, the spacing of the molecules grow closer together. Meaning that if the pressure decreases the molecules spread father apart. A real life example of how this works is when a plane is taking off and your ears start to pop. The reason this happens is because when a plane is taking off the air pressure is decreasing, and the atoms inside you spread father apart. As a result air pushes out of your eardrums causing your ears to pop.

  

Charles's Law was first published by a French natural philosopher, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802. The law was first discovered by Jacques Charles in the 1780's. Charles's Law states that when temperature increases the volume will also increase because they go hand and hand. Just like Boyle's Law, Charles's Law also relates to the spacing of molecules. One of the ways that Charles's Law relates to the spacing of molecules is how molecules interact with temperature. A real life example of Charles's Law in action is when a football deflates in winter. The reason that this happens isn't that you have a leak in your football. It happens because in the winter the temperature decreases so when the football is sitting outside, the volume of the football will also decrease. This is what causes your football to be flat.

Whether it's the spacing of molecules or the gas laws, everything in science is balanced. The gas laws just demonstrate natures natural balance.  Everything in the world that deals with heat or pressure can be related to the gas laws.

PHEOC Write Up

Problem:

What is the impact of different amounts of water inside a can do to the crushing ability?

Hypothesis:

I believe that the amount of liquid inside the can will affect the crushing ability. My thoughts on my reasoning are; If the liquid inside the can increases the pressure and the volume it will make the cans ability to crushed a little harder. I think the less liquid you have in a can the more the can will be crushed. I believe this because if you have a can filled with little liquid the little amount of liquid is going heat up faster creating that gas in less time. Then when you put the can in cold water there is less hot boiling liquid for it to change degrees and so it has the most crushing ability.

Experimental Design:

Materials

1.      Bunsen Burner

2.      Goggles

3.      Measuring Tube

4.      Metal Pliers

5.      20 Cans (For Multiple Mistakes and Trials)

6.      Bucket (Filled with Cold Water)

7.      An available Sink 

Variables:

CV: Temperature of the Water inside the can, Size of the Can, Time over the Bunsen burner after you've seen the vapor, The Temperature of the water inside the bucket that you dump the can into

IV: The amount of  water inside the can

DV: The volume of the can (Crushed)

Procedure:

In order to properly test my hypothesis, I gathered all of the needed equipment and headed to the Academy Counter Space. First you need to put on your safety goggles, and set up all your materials including your 20 cans, bowl, Bunsen Burner, measuring tube, and pliers. Then you will need to fill the bowl with cold water. After a teacher has connected the Bunsen Burner to the Gas Plug, you are almost ready. Grab the measuring tube and filled it up with 5 milliliters of water(starting water amount) then you will need to grab one of your cans and fill it with the water inside your measuring tube. Next ignite your Bunsen burner grab your pliers and your can. Take your pliers and pick up the can. Now your experiment starts. Hold the can over the flam of the Bunsen Burner so that just the tip of the flame is touching your can. Wait a few minutes until you see water vapor spouting from the top of the can once you see this it is very important that you admittedly count to ten. Once you hit the number 10 you will then tip your can into the bowl of cold water. This part of the experiment needs to be consistent. When you tip your can into the bowl it will need to go straight into the water inside the bowl. After you tip your can into the bowl of water it will be crushed. The volume of your can after its been crushed will depend on the amount of water inside your can at the start of the experiment. You will need to have multiple trials for your experiment. Each water amount (5,15,30,45, and 100 milliliters) will need to have 3 trails. When you have all your data needed after all of the trails have been completed you should record all your data and observations.

Conclusion and Analysis:

 I wanted to test whether or not the amount of liquid inside a can would affect the crushing ability. In my hypothesis I stated that the can would be affected, and with less water inside the can the more crushing ability it would have. With my results my hypothesis was supported. The cans that were filled with 5 milliliters of water held 77 milliliters of water after the experiment ( the cans usually hold 350 milliliters).  As the amount of water inside that can increased the water it held after the experiment would also increase meaning it had less of a damaging crush.

After further research, I figured out the true reason why the can crushes more with less water. It deals with Charles and Boyles Law. When you hold your can over the Bunsen Burner it starts to steam, creating water vapor. When this happens your molecules inside your liquid are spreading apart (Into a Gas). When you tip your can into the cold water the molecules instantly become closer together like a liquid, bringing the can with it. The reason smaller amounts of water create a more damaging crush is because the water has more space in the can for the molecules to spread out when it turns in to a gas.